Update 2022-03-22 10:53
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<!-- 2022-03-15 Tue 08:10 -->
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<!-- 2022-03-22 Tue 10:52 -->
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<title>Pre-Quantum Electrodynamics</title>
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@@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ and this is called the <b>ordinary velocity</b>.
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The <b>proper velocity</b> is defined as the hybrid-frame quantity
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(distance as measured on the ground) divided by (proper time interval):
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</p>
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<div class="core div" id="orgc6b970d">
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<div class="core div" id="org6b9040e">
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<p>
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<b>Proper velocity</b>
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\[
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@@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ By adding the zeroth component
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\]
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we can define the
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</p>
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<div class="core div" id="orgc1354f8">
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<div class="core div" id="org75d23d9">
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<p>
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<b>four-velocity</b> or <b>proper velocity four-vector</b>
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\[
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@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ we can define the
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\]
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which transforms as
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\[
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\bar{\eta}^\mu = \Lambda^\mu_\nu \eta^\nu
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\bar{\eta}^\mu = \Lambda^\mu{}_\nu \eta^\nu
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\]
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</p>
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@@ -1673,9 +1673,9 @@ invariant).
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By contrast, the ordinary velocities obey cumbersome transformation rules:
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for our usual relative frame velocity of \(v\) in the \(x\) direction,
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\[
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\bar{u}_x = \frac{d\bar{x}}{dt} = \frac{u_x - v}{1-v u_x/c^2}, \hspace{10mm}
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\bar{u}_y = \frac{d\bar{y}}{dt} = \frac{u_y}{1-v u_x/c^2}, \hspace{10mm}
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\bar{u}_z = \frac{d\bar{z}}{dt} = \frac{u_z}{1-v u_x/c^2}.
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\bar{u}_x = \frac{d\bar{x}}{d\bar{t}} = \frac{u_x - v}{1-v u_x/c^2}, \hspace{10mm}
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\bar{u}_y = \frac{d\bar{y}}{d\bar{t}} = \frac{u_y}{\gamma(1-v u_x/c^2)}, \hspace{10mm}
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\bar{u}_z = \frac{d\bar{z}}{d\bar{t}} = \frac{u_z}{\gamma(1-v u_x/c^2)}.
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\]
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</p>
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</div>
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@@ -1699,7 +1699,7 @@ target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
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</div>
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<div id="postamble" class="status">
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<p class="author">Author: Jean-Sébastien Caux</p>
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<p class="date">Created: 2022-03-15 Tue 08:10</p>
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<p class="date">Created: 2022-03-22 Tue 10:52</p>
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<p class="validation"></p>
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</div>
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